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  • Contents
    • A - Foundations
    • A.1 Data Types
    • A.2 Control Flow
    • A.3 Basic Algorithms
    • B - Data Analysis
    • C - Applications
    • D - Projects
      • Worked projects
        • Text data worked projects
        • Tabular data worked projects
        • Relational data worked projects
    • E - Appendix
  • Author
    • Contributors
  • License
  • Acknowledgments
• Overview
  • Chapters
  • Why Python?
  • Approach and goals
  • Doesn’t work, what should I do?
    • How to ask questions
  • Installation and tools
  • Let’s start !
• Installation
  • Installing Python
    • Windows installation
    • Mac installation
    • Linux installation
  • Installing packages
  • Jupyter Notebook
    • Run Jupyter notebook
    • Saving Jupyter notebooks
    • Turning off Jupyter server
    • Navigating notebooks
    • Installing Jupyter notebook - all operating systems
  • Projects with virtual environments
    • Creating virtual environments
    • Activate a virtual environment
    • Executing environments inside Jupyter
      • With Anaconda
      • Without Anaconda
  • Further readings
• A - Foundations
  • Quick Python intro
    • Download exercises zip
      • What to do
    • Let’s try Jupyter
    • Main types of data in Python
    • Integer and floating point numbers
    • Booleans - bool
      • and operator
      • or operator
      • not operator
      • Beyond True and False
    • Strings - string
      • Using object methods
    • Liste - list
      • Ordering lists
    • Dictionaries - dict
    • Visualizing execution with Python Tutor
      • Debugging code in Jupyter
        • Python Tutor : Limitation 1
        • Python Tutor : Limitation 2
    • Iteration
      • for in range
    • Functions
      • Lambda functions
    • List transformations
      • Trasfomations with a for
      • Transformations with list comprehensions
      • Transformations with map
    • Matrices
      • Zip function
    • Furhter readings
  • Tools and scripts
    • Download exercises zip
    • Python interpreter
      • Let’s open system console
      • Listing files and folders
      • Let’s launch the Python interpreter
      • Exiting the interpreter
    • Modules
      • Simple text editor
      • IDE
    • Jupyter
      • Printing an expression
      • Exercise - Castles in the air
    • Visualizing the execution with Python Tutor
      • Debugging code in Jupyter
        • Python Tutor : Limitation 1
        • Python Tutor : Limitation 2
      • Exercise - tavern
    • Python Architecture
      • Python is a high level language
      • Performance
• A1 Data Types
  • Basics
    • Integers
      • Download exercises zip
      • Jupyter
      • Objects
      • Variables
        • Detect the type of a variable
        • Reassign a variable
        • Reusing a variable
        • Assignments - questions
        • Exercise - exchange
        • Exercise - cycling
        • Changing type during execution
        • Multiple commands on the same line
        • Multiple initializations
        • Exercise - exchange like a ninja
        • Names of variables
        • Names of variables - questions
      • Numerical types
      • Integer numbers
        • Exercise - deadline 1
        • Modulo operator
        • Exercise - deadline 2
        • min and max
        • Exercise - transportation
        • Exercise - armchairs
      • Continue
    • Booleans
      • Download exercises zip
      • Boolean operators
        • and
        • or
        • not
      • Questions with costants
      • Questions with variables
      • De Morgan
      • Conversion
      • Questions - what is a boolean?
      • Evaluation order
      • Evaluation errors
      • Comparison operators
      • Joining comparisons
      • Exercise - The Lawnmower 1
      • Exercise - The Lawnmower 2
      • Exercise - The Lawnmower 3
      • Exercise - The Lawnmower 4
      • Exercise - The Lava Temple
      • Exercise - The Tower of Gradius I
      • Exercise - The Pipe Jump
      • Exercise - The Tower of Gradius II
      • Continue
    • Floats
      • Download exercises zip
      • Real numbers
        • Scientifical notation
        • Too big or too small numbers
        • Exercise - circle
        • Exercise - The golf club
        • Exercise - fractioning
        • Exercise - summation
        • Reals - conversion
        • Exercise - Invigorate
        • Exercise - roundminder
        • Reals - equality
        • Exercise - quadratic
        • Exercise - trendy
      • Decimal numbers
      • Continue
    • Challenges
      • Download exercises zip
      • Challenge - which booleans 1?
      • Challenge - which booleans 2?
      • Challenge - airport
      • Challenge - Holiday trip
      • Challange - The Tunnel of Time
  • Strings
    • Intro
      • Download exercises zip
      • What to do
      • Creating strings
      • Printing - the cells
      • The empty string
      • Printing many strings
      • Length of a string
      • Printing - escape sequences
        • Example - line feed
        • Example - tabulation
      • Encodings
        • ASCII characters
        • Unicode characters
      • Strings are immutable
        • Reassign variables
        • Reassign a variable to itself
      • Strings and numbers
      • Conversions - from string to number
      • Conversions - from number to string
      • Formatting strings
        • Formatting with %
        • Exercise - supercars
      • Continue
    • Operators
      • Download exercises zip
      • What to do
      • Reading characters
        • Exercise - alternate
        • Negative indexes
      • Substitute characters
      • Slices
        • Exercise - garalampog
        • Exercise - ifEweEfav lkSD lkWe
        • Slices - limits
        • Slice - Omitting limits
        • Exercise - ysterymyster
        • Slice - negative limits
        • Exercise - javarnanda
        • Slice - modifying
        • Exercise - the run
      • in operator
        • Do not abuse in
        • Exercise - contained 1
        • Exercise - contained 2
      • Comparisons
        • Equality operators
        • Exercise - statist
        • Comparing characters
        • Comparing different lengths
        • Exercise - Character intervals
        • Exercise - The Library of Encodicus
      • Replication operator
        • Exercise - za za za
      • Continue
    • Basic methods
      • Download exercises zip
      • What to do
      • Example - upper
        • Exercise - walking
      • lower method
        • Exercise - lowermid
      • capitalize method
        • Exercise - Your Excellence
      • startswith method
        • Exercise - by Jove
      • endswith method
        • Exercise - Snobbonis
      • isalpha method
        • Exercise - Fighting the hackers
      • isdigit method
        • Exercise - Selling numbers
      • isupper and islower methods
        • Exercise - dwarves and GIANTS
      • Continue
    • Search methods
      • Download exercises zip
      • What to do
      • strip method
        • Specificying character to strip
        • Exercise - Biblio bank
      • lstrip method
      • rstrip method
        • Exercise - Bad to the bone
      • count method
        • Do not abuse count
        • Exercise - astro money
      • find method
      • rfind method
        • Do not abuse find
        • Exercise - The port of Monkey Island
        • Exercise - bananas
      • replace method
        • Do not abuse replace
        • Exercise - Do not open that door
        • Exercise - The Kingdom of Stringards
          • Stringards I: upgrading all the walls
          • Stringards II: Outer walls
          • Stringards III: Power to the People
          • Stringards IV: Power struggle
      • Other exercises
      • Continue
    • Challenges
      • Download exercises zip
      • Challenge - a strange zoo
      • Challenge - nuclear fusion
      • Challenge - gold
  • Lists
    • Intro
      • Download exercises zip
      • What to do
      • Creating lists
        • Empty list
        • Exercise - list swaps
        • Tables
        • Question - list creation
        • Exercise - domino
        • Exercise - create lists 2
        • Exercise - create lists 3
        • Exercise - create lists 4
      • Convert sequences into lists
        • Exercise - gulp
        • Exercise - garaga
      • Continue
    • Operators
      • Download exercises zip
      • What to do
      • Length of a list
      • Reading an element
        • Exercise - Gutenberg apprentice
      • Writing an element
        • Exercise - a jammed parking lot
      • Mutating shared lists
      • List of strings
        • Exercise - province codes
        • Exercise - games
      • Slices
        • Slice - limits
        • Exercise - The ‘treccia mochena’
        • Slices - omitting limits
        • Exercise - An out of tune guitar
        • Slices - negative limits
        • Exercise - The NonsenShop
        • Slice - step
        • Slices - modifying
        • Exercise - The railway outlaws
      • List of lists
        • Exercise - couples
        • Exercise - Glory to Gladiators!
      • in operator
        • Do not abuse in
        • not in
        • Exercise - vegetables
      • List concatenation with +
        • Exercise - concatenation
      • min and max
      • sum
        • Exercise - balance
      • Multiplying lists
      • Equality
      • Continue
    • Basic methods
      • Download exercises zip
      • What to do
      • append method
        • Exercise - augmenting a list 1
      • extend method
        • Extending with sequences
        • Exercise: augmenting a list 2
        • Exercise - zslice
        • Exercise - Zebarerun
      • insert method
        • Exercise - insertando
        • Exercise - insappend
      • pop method
        • Exercise - popcorn
        • Exercise - zonzo
      • reverse method
        • Exercise - good manners
      • Exercise - precious things
      • Exercise - powers
      • sort method
        • Custom sorting
        • Exercise - numlist
      • join - build strings from lists
        • Exercise - barzoletta
        • Exercise - dub dab dib dob
        • Exercise - ghirigori
        • Exercise - welldone
      • Continue
    • Search methods
      • Download exercises zip
      • What to do
      • split method - from strings to lists
        • Exercise - trash dance
        • Exercise - Trash in tour
        • Exercise - manylines
        • Exercise - takechars
      • count method
        • Do not abuse count
        • Exercise - country life
      • index method
        • Do not abuse index
        • Exercise - Spatoč
      • remove method
        • Do not abuse remove
        • Exercise - nob
      • Continue
    • Challenges
      • Download exercises zip
      • Challenge - super DUPER sorted
      • Challenge - What a nasty problem
      • Challenge - Toys in the Attic
  • Tuples
    • Intro
      • Download exercise zip
      • What to do
      • Creating tuples
        • Empty tuple
        • Tuples without brackets
        • Heterogenous elements
        • Creating tuples from sequences
        • Creating sequences from tuples
      • Operators
        • len
        • Reading an element
        • Exercise - animals
        • Slices
        • Concatenation
        • Membership
          • not in
        • Multiplication
        • Exercise - welcome
      • Write an element
        • Exercise - badmod
        • Exercise - abde
        • Exercise - charismatic
        • Exercise - sorting
      • Methods
        • index method
        • Do not abuse index
        • Exercise - The chinese boxes
        • count method
        • Do not abuse count
        • Exercise - fruits
      • Continue
    • Challenges
      • Download exercises zip
      • Challenge - The Temple Of Rounded Doom
  • Sets
    • Intro
      • Download exercises zip
      • What to do
      • Creating a set
        • Converting sequences to sets
        • Mutable elements and hashes
        • Empty set
        • Exercise - dedup
        • Frozenset
      • Operators
        • len
        • Exercise - distincts
        • Membership
          • not in
        • Union
        • Exercise - everythingbut 1
        • Intersection
        • Difference
        • Symmetric difference
      • Equality
      • Methods like operators
        • union
        • update
        • Exercise - everythingbut 2
      • Other methods
        • add method
        • remove method
        • Exercise - bababiba
        • discard method
        • Exercise - trash
        • issubset method
        • issuperset method
        • isdisjoint method
      • Exercise - matrioska
      • Continue
    • Challenges
      • Download exercises zip
  • Dictionaries
    • Intro
      • Download exercises zip
      • What to do
      • Creating a dictionary
        • The keys
          • Keys are immutable
          • Keys don’t have order
          • Key duplicates
        • The values
        • Empty dictionary
        • Keys and heterogenous values
        • Exercise - barone
      • Dictionary from a sequence of couples
        • Exercise - galattico veramente
      • Dictionary from keyword arguments
      • Copying a dictionary
        • Shallow copy
        • Deep copy
      • Continue
    • Operators
      • Download exercise zip
      • What to do
      • len
      • Reading a value
        • Fast disorder
        • Exercise - z7
      • Writing in the dictionary
        • Writing - adding key/value
        • Writing - reassociate a key
        • Exercise - workshop
        • Writing - deleting
        • Exercise - desktop
        • Exercise - garden
        • Exercise - translations
      • Membership with in
        • not in
        • Exercise - The Helmsman
      • Dictionaries of sequences
        • Exercise - loans
        • Exercise - Shark Bay
        • Exercise - The Storm Sea
      • Equality
        • Equality and order
        • Equality and copies
        • Exercise - Zoom Doom
      • Continue
    • Methods
      • Download exercise zip
      • What to do
      • keys method
        • Exercise - messy keys
        • Exercise - sorted keys
        • Exercise - keyring
      • values method
        • Exercise - one by one
        • Exercise - bag
        • Exercise - common values
        • Exercise - small big
      • items method
        • Exercise - union without update
      • update method
        • Exercise - axby
      • Continue
    • Special dictionaries
      • Download exercise zip
      • What to do
      • OrderedDict
        • Exercise - phonebook
        • Exercise - OrderedDict copy
      • Counter
        • Exercise - saddened
      • Continue
    • Challenges
      • Download exercises zip
      • Challenge - The Institute for Advanced Technotronics
      • Challenge - Incredible Machines contest
      • Challenge - Going nuts
      • Challenge - Galactic storm
• A2 Control Flow
  • If command
    • Intro
      • Download exercises zip
      • What to do
      • The basic command if else
      • else is optional
      • Exercise - no fuel
      • The command if - elif - else
        • Questions
      • Questions - Are they equivalent?
        • Are they equivalent? - strawberries
        • Are they equivalent? - max
        • Are they equivalent? - min
        • Are they equivalent? - big small
        • Are they equivalent? - Cippirillo
        • Exercise - farm
        • Exercise - accents
        • Exercise - Arcana
      • Nested ifs
        • Exercise - abscissae and ordinates 1
        • Esercise - abscissae and ordinates 2
        • Exercise - bus
        • Exercise - chronometer
      • Questions - Are they equivalent?
        • Are they equivalent? - inside outside 1
        • Are they equivalent? - stars planets
        • Are they equivalent? - green red
        • Are they equivalent? - circles squares
        • Are they equivalent? - inside outside 2
        • Are they equivalent? - Ciabanga
        • Exercise - The maximum
      • Ternary operator
        • Questions ternary ifs
        • Exercise - shoes
        • Exercise - the little train
      • Continue
    • Challenges
      • Download exercises zip
      • Treasure Island
  • For loops
    • Intro
      • Download exercises zip
      • What to do
      • Iteration by element
        • Names of variables in for
        • Iterating strings
        • Iterating tuples
        • Questions - iteration
        • Exercise - magic carpet
        • Esercise - evensum
        • Exercise - birbantello
        • Exercise - articulate
        • Exercise - gala
        • Exercise - balance
      • Counting with range
        • Questions - range
        • Exercise - printdoubles
        • Exercise - multiples or not
        • Exercise - ab interval
        • Exercise - FizzBuzz
      • Iterating by index
        • Exercise - kitchen
        • Exercise - neon
        • Exercise - emotions
        • Exercise - organetto
        • Exercise - sghiribizzo
        • Exercise - dna
        • Exercise - sportello
        • Exercise - farm
        • Exercise - pokemon
      • Modifying during iteration
        • Exercise - duplicate
        • Exercise - hammers
        • Exercise - Orangutan
        • Exercise - basket
      • break and continue commands
        • Terminate with break
        • Jumping with continue
        • Combining break and continue
        • Questions - break and continue
        • Exercise - autonomous walking
        • Exercise - breaking bad
        • Exercise - breaking point
        • Exercise - breakdance
      • Continue
    • Iterating strings
      • Download exercises zip
      • Exercise - Impertinence
      • Exercise - rosco
      • Continue
    • Iterating lists
      • Download exercises zip
      • Exercise - The contest
      • Exercise - babbà
      • Exercise - The Temple of Fortune
      • Exercise - the longest word
      • Exercise - desert
      • Exercise - splash
      • Continue
    • Iterating tuples
      • Download exercises zip
      • Exercise - double couples
      • Exercise - carpet
      • Continue
    • Iterating sets
      • Download exercises zip
        • Questions - sets
      • Exercise - Screwed
      • Continue
    • Iterating dictionaries
      • Download exercises zip
      • Iterating keys
      • Iterating key-value pairs
      • Iterating values
      • Questions - iteration
      • Questions - Are they equivalent?
        • Are they equivalent ? postin
        • Are they equivalent ? cortel
        • Are they equivalent ? - gel
        • Are they equivalent ? - giri
        • Are they equivalent? - Found
      • Iteration exercises
        • Exercise - color of hearts
        • Exercise - jewels
        • Exercise - powers
        • Exercise - flowers
        • Exercise - art
        • Exercise - stationery stores
        • Exercise - legumes
        • Exercise - smog
        • Exercise - sports
        • Exercise - green lizard
      • Modifying a dictionary during iteration
        • Exercise - zazb
        • Exercise - DIY
        • Exercise - mine
      • Continue
    • Nested fors
      • Download exercises zip
      • Nested for
      • Questions - nested for
      • Exercise - casting
      • Exercise - cover the plane
      • Exercise - triangular
      • Exercise - port
      • Exercise - polygons
      • Exercise - bon jour
      • Continue
    • Challenges
      • Download exercises zip
      • Challenge - Faceborg
        • Faceborg 1. Ingestion
        • Faceborg 2. Selling your soul
        • Faceborg 3. Go where the money is
      • Challenge - The informant
  • While loops
    • Intro
      • Download exercises zip
      • What to do
      • Counting with a while
        • Terminating while
        • Non-terminating while
        • Questions
        • Esercises
        • Exercise - printeven
        • Exercise - average
      • break and continue commands
        • Terminate with a break
        • Jumping with continue
        • Questions about break and continue
      • Questions - Are they equivalent?
        • Are they equivalent? - BORG
        • Are they equivalent? - until 3
        • Are they equivalent? - by chance
        • Are they equivalent? - until six
        • Are they equivalent? - countdown 1
        • Are they equivalent? - countdown 2
        • Are they equivalent? - sorcery
        • Are they equivalent? - ping pong
        • Are they equivalent? - zanna
        • Are they equivalent? - pasticcio
      • Exercises - counters
        • Exercise - don’t break 1
        • Exercise - don’t break 2
        • Exercise - Give me a break
        • Exercise - paperboard
        • Exercise - until ten
        • Exercise - cccc
        • Exercise - converge
      • Searching a sequence
        • What we need
        • How to check
        • Exercise - Turbolenz with a break
        • Exercise - Turbulenz without break
        • Exercise - hangar
        • Exercise - Wild West
        • Exercise - The Balance of Language
        • Exercise - the tree shaker
        • Exercise - the ghost castle
      • Modifying sequences
        • Stack - Drawing from a card deck
        • Stack - Drawing until condition
        • Exercise - Don’t break my heart
        • Questions - what happens?
        • Questions - are they equivalent?
        • Are they equivalent? - train
        • Are they equivalent? - append nx
      • Exercises - stack
        • Exercise - break sum
        • Exercise - travelbook
        • Exercise - BANG !
        • Exercise - Growing or degrowing?
      • Continue
    • Challenges
      • Download exercises zip
      • Challenge - Consecutive letters
      • Challenge - Failed casinos
  • Sequences
    • Intro
      • Download exercises zip
      • What to do
      • Iterables - lists
      • iterables - range
      • Materializing a sequence
        • Questions - range
      • reversed
        • Iterating with next
        • Exercise - sconcerto
        • Materializing an iterator
      • sorted
        • Exercise - reversort
      • zip
        • Exercise - ladder
      • List comprehensions
        • List comprehensions on strings
      • Questions - List comprehensions
      • Exercises - list comprehension
        • Exercise - Bubble bubble
        • Exercise - root
        • Exercise - When The Telephone Rings
        • Exercise - don’t worry
        • Exercise - greater than 3
        • Exercise - even
        • Exercise - both ends
        • Exercise - dashes
        • Exercise - lollosa
        • Exercise - dog cat
        • Exercise - smurfs
        • Exercise - precious metals
      • Filtered list comprehensions
      • Questions - filtered list comprehensions
      • Exercises - filtered list comprehensions
        • Exercise - savannah
        • Exercise - puZZled
      • Exercise - Data science
      • Continue
    • Challenges
      • Download exercises zip
      • Challenge - ppulsar
      • Challenge - broken wisdom
      • Challenge - rupture
      • Challenge - cyclone
• A3 Basic Algorithms
  • Functions, error handling and testing
    • Intro
      • Download exercises zip
      • Introduction
        • What to do
      • Why functions?
      • Function definition - questions
      • Different function kinds
        • SIDE EFFECTS
        • RETURN
        • MODIFY
        • MODIFY and RETURN
        • MODIFY AND RETURN A PART
      • Remember the commandments
        • III COMMANDMENT
        • IV COMMANDMENT
        • V COMMANDMENT
      • Immutable values
        • Changing the world: fail / 1
        • Changing the world: fail / 2
        • Changing the world: success!
        • global keyword
      • Mutable values
        • Doubling: fail / 1
        • Doubling: fail / 2
        • Doubling: fail / 3
        • Doubling: fail / 4
        • Doubling success!
      • Modifying parameters - Questions
      • Exercises - Changing music
        • Exercise - show
        • Exercise - authors
        • Exercise - record
        • Exercise - great
        • Exercise - shorten
      • Lambda functions
        • Exercise - apply_borders
        • Exercise - process
      • Continue
    • Error handling and testing
      • Download exercises zip
      • Introduction
        • What to do
      • Unforeseen situations
        • make_problematic_pie
      • Check with the return
      • Exceptions
        • Manage exceptions
        • Particular exceptions
      • assert
        • When to use assert?
      • Testing
        • Where Is Your Software?
        • Testing with asserts
        • Exercise structure
        • Exercise - gre3
        • Exercise - final_price
        • Exercise - arrival_time
      • Continue
    • Functions with strings
      • Download exercises zip
      • First functions
        • length
        • contains
        • invertlet
        • nspace
        • startend
        • swap
      • Verify comprehension
        • has_char
        • count
        • has_lower
        • dialect
        • countvoc
        • extract_email
        • canon_phone
        • phone_prefix
        • palindrome
      • Continue
    • Functions with lists
      • Download exercises zip
      • Introduction
        • Exercise - printwords
        • Exercise - printeven
        • Exercise - find26
        • Exercise - firstsec
        • Exercise - threeven
        • Exercise - separate_ip
        • Exercise - average
        • Exercise - Fake news generator
      • Functions with assert
        • Mapping
        • Exercise - newdoublef
        • Exercise - doublemod
        • Exercise - newdoublec
        • Exercise - up
        • Filtering
        • Exercise - remall
        • Exercise - only_capital_for
        • Exercise - only_capital_comp
        • Reducing
        • Exercise - sum_all
        • Exercise - sumevenf
        • Exercise - sumevenc
      • Other exercises
        • Exercise - contains
        • Exercise - firstn
        • Exercise - firstlast
        • Exercise - dup
        • Exercise - hasdup
        • Exercise - ord3
        • Exercise - filterab
        • Exercise - hill
        • Exercise - peak
        • Exercise - even
        • Exercise - mix
        • Exercise - fill
        • Exercise - nostop
        • Exercise - threez
      • Exercises with numbers
        • Exercise - listoint
        • Exercise - intolist
        • Exercise - add one
          • Exercise - add_one_conv
          • Exercise - add_one_carry
        • Exercise - collatz
      • Continue
    • Functions with tuples
      • Download exercises zip
        • Exercise - joined
        • nasty
      • Continue
    • Functions with sets
      • Download exercises zip
        • Exercise - syllabs
        • Exercise - distinguish
        • Exercise - intersectron
  • Matrices of lists
    • Intro
      • Download exercises zip
      • Introduction
      • What to do
        • Overview
      • Exercises
        • Matrix dimensions
      • Extracting rows and columns
        • How to extract a row
        • Extracting row pointers
        • Extract row with a for
        • Extract row with range
        • Extract row with a slice
        • Extract row with list comprehension
        • Extract column with a for
        • Extract column with a list comprehension
      • Creating new matrices
        • empty matrix
        • empty_matrix the elegant way
        • deep_clone
      • Modifying matrices
        • fillc
        • fillx
        • fillz
        • stitch_down
        • stitch_up
        • stitch_right
        • insercol
        • threshold
        • swap_rows
        • swap_cols
      • Continue
    • More exercises
      • Download exercises zip
      • What to do
      • Exercise - diag
      • Exercise - anti_diag
      • Exercise - is_utriang
      • Exercise - stitch_left_mod
      • Exercise - transpose_1
      • Exercise - transpose_2
      • Exercise - cirpillino
      • Exercise - flag
      • Exercise - avoid_diag
      • Exercise - no_diag
      • Exercise - no_anti_diag
      • Exercise - repcol
      • Exercise - matinc
      • Exercise - flip
      • Exercise - wall
      • Exercise - sortlast
      • Exercise - skyscraper
      • Exercise - school lab
      • Exercise - dump
      • Esercizio - toepliz
      • Exercise - matrix multiplication
      • Exercise - check_nqueen
      • Continue
    • Challenges
      • Download exercises zip
      • Challenge - Tiles
      • Challenge - The Ark
        • The Ark 1. Sort the herd
        • The Ark 2. Enter the Farm
        • The Ark 3. Enter the Ark
        • The Ark 4. Aurora
      • Challenge - Go camping
  • Mixed structures
    • Intro
      • Download exercises zip
      • Exercise - Luxury Holding
        • Exercise - extract_managers
        • Exercise - extract_companies
        • Exercise - avg_age
        • Exercise - sectors
      • Exercise - averages
      • Exercise - has_pref
      • Exercise - festival
      • Exercise - actorswap
      • Continue
    • Challenges
      • Download exercises zip
      • Challenge - Guilty!
  • Numpy matrices
    • Intro
      • Download exercises zip
      • Introduction
        • What to do
      • np.array
      • Creating a matrix filled with ones
      • Creating a matrix filled with a number k
      • Dimensions of a matrix
      • Reading and writing
        • Filling the whole matrix
        • Slices
        • Writing a constant in a slice
        • Writing a matrix into a slice
      • Assignment and copy
      • Calculations
        • Scalar multiplication
        • Scalar sum
        • Multiplication
        • Dividing by a scalar
      • Aggregation
        • Aggregating by row or column
      • Filtering
        • Finding indexes with np.where
        • Writing into cells which satisfy a criteria
      • arange and linspace sequences
      • NaNs and infinities
        • NaNs
        • Detecting NaN
        • Sequences with NaNs
        • Exercise NaN: two vars
        • Operations on NaNs
        • NaN and Numpy
        • Where are the NaNs ?
        • Infinities
        • Positive infinity np.inf
        • Negative infinity
        • Combining infinities and NaNs
        • Negative zero
        • Exercise: detect proper numbers
        • Exercise: guess expressions
      • Continue
    • Exercises
      • Download exercises zip
      • Introduction
        • frame
      • Exercise - frameslices
      • Exercise - framefill
      • Exercise - avg_rows
      • Exercise - matrot
      • Exercise - odd
      • Exercise - doublealt
      • Exercise - chessboard
      • Exercise - altsum
      • Exercise - avg_half
      • Exercise - matxarr
      • Exercise - colgap
      • Exercise - substmax
      • Exercise - quadrants
      • Exercise - downup
      • Exercise - stairsteps
      • Exercise - vertstairs
      • Exercise - comprescol
      • Exercise - revtriang
      • Exercise - walkas
      • Exercise - walkaz
      • Continue
      • References
• B - Data Analysis
  • Data formats
    • Line files
      • Download exercises zip
      • Introduction
        • What to do
      • Line files
        • open command
        • The encoding
        • with block
      • people-complex line file
      • Exercise - line file immersione-in-python-toc
      • Continue
    • CSV files
      • Download exercises zip
        • Why parsing a CSV ?
        • Reading a CSV
        • What’s a reader ?
        • Consuming a file
        • Reading as dictionaries
      • Writing a CSV
      • Reading and writing a CSV
      • CSV Botteghe storiche
        • Problem: wrong characters ??
        • Botteghe storiche in Python
        • Botteghe storiche - rank_categories
        • Botteghe storiche - enrich
      • CSV Air quality
        • load_air_quality
        • calc_avg_pollution
      • Continue
    • JSON files
      • Download exercises zip
        • JSONL
      • Continue
    • Challenges
      • Download exercises zip
      • Parsing challenge - Spam killer
        • Spam killer 1. mail reader
        • Spam killer 2. running filters
      • Parsing challenge - Markdown
      • Parsing challenge - Other languages
      • CSV Challenge - Over the top
        • Over the top 1. reading OpenStreetMap data
        • Over the top 2. extract peak
        • Over the top 3. write file
  • Visualization
    • Intro
      • Download exercises zip
      • Introduction
        • What to do
      • First example
        • Plot style
        • x power 2 exercise
        • Axis limits
        • Axis size
        • Changing tick labels
      • Multiple lines
      • Numpy
        • Example without numpy
        • Example with numpy
        • Exercise - sin(x) + 3
      • Bar plots
        • Exercise - goleadors
        • Exercise - chemical elements
        • Exercise - superheroes
      • Showing plots side by side
        • Exercise - sin(kx)
      • Other plots
        • Pie chart
      • Fancy plots
        • Background color
        • Text
        • Images
        • Color intensity
        • Exercise - Be fancy
      • Continue
    • Challenges
      • Download exercises zip
      • The variables
      • 1. plot_sheet
      • 2. plot_pentagram
      • 3. plot_notes
      • Final result 1:
      • Final result 2
    • Images
      • Download exercises zip
        • What to do
      • Introduction
        • Monochrome
      • Focus
        • Exercise - Head focus
      • hstack and vstack
        • Exercise - Passport
      • flip
        • Exercise - Hall of mirrors
        • Exercise - The nose from above
      • Writing arrays
      • Writing into images
        • Exercise - Stripes
      • In a dark integer night
        • The Integer Shining
        • Exercise - Be bright
      • RGB - Get colorful
      • Exercise - Focus - top left
      • Exercise - Focus - bottom - left
      • Exercise - Focus - bottom - right
      • Exercise - Focus - top - right
      • Exercise - Look the other way
      • Exercise - Upside down world
      • Exercise - Shrinking Walls - X
      • Exercise - Shrinking Walls - Y
      • Exercise - Shrinking World
      • Exercise - Pixellate
      • Exercise - Feeling Red
      • Exercise - Feeling Green
      • Exercise - Feeling Blue
      • Exercise - No Red
      • Exercise - No Green
      • Exercise - No Blue
      • Exercise - Feeling Gray again
      • Exercise - Beyond the limit
      • Exercise - Gimme light
      • Exercise - When the darkness comes - with a warning
      • Exercise - When the darkness comes - without a warning
      • Exercise - Fade to black
      • Exercise - vertical fade
  • Pandas
    • Intro
      • Download exercises zip
      • 1. What to do
        • Check installation
      • 2. Data analysis of Astro Pi
        • 2.1 Exercise - meteo info
      • 3. MatPlotLib review
        • 3.1 An example
        • 3.2 Matplotlib plots from pandas datastructures
      • 4. Operations on rows
        • 4.1 Indexing integers
        • 4.2 Filtering
          • Combining filters
        • 4.3 Sorting
        • 4.4 Exercise - Meteo stats
      • 5. Object values and strings
        • 5.1 Filter by textual values
        • 5.2 Extracting strings
      • 6. Operations on columns
        • 6.1 - Selecting columns
        • 6.2 - Adding columns
          • Writing only in some rows
        • 6.2.1 Exercise: Meteo temperature in Fahrenheit
        • 6.2.2 Exercise - Pressure vs Temperature
        • 6.3 Transforming columns
      • 7. Grouping
      • 8. Exercise - meteo average temperatures
        • 8.1 meteo plot
        • 8.2 meteo pressure and raining
        • 8.3 meteo average temperature
      • 9 Exercise - Air pollutants
        • 9.1 - load the file
        • 9.2 - pollutants average
        • 9.3 - PM10 chart
      • 10. Merging tables
        • Exercise 10.1 - better merge
      • 11. GeoPandas
      • Continue
    • Exercises
      • Download exercises and solution
        • What to do
      • Introduction
      • offerte dataset
      • rename columns
      • 1. Rename countries
        • 1.1 countries_to_list
        • 1.2 Filling column Workplace Country
      • 2. Work dates
        • 2.1 from_to function
        • 2.2. From To columns
      • 3. Required languages
        • 3.1 function reqlan
        • 3.2 Languages column
      • Continue
    • Challenges
      • Download exercises
        • What to do
      • Load the dataset
      • Tell me more
      • Getting in shape
      • 10 rows
      • Born in Verona
      • How many people in Verona
      • Python is everywhere
      • Verona after 1500
      • First Antonio
      • Some Antonio
      • Cesares during 1800
      • The old ones
      • Cities of poets
      • Most duplicated poets
      • All duplicated poets
      • Northern poets
      • Papers please
      • Unknown poets
      • Better unknown poets
  • Relational data
    • Intro
      • Download exercises zip
        • Required libraries
      • What to do
        • Graph definition
        • Edge weights
      • Matrices
        • Visualization examples
        • Saving a graph to an image file
        • Saving a graph to an dot file
        • Minimal graph
        • Graph with two nodes example
        • Distance matrix
        • Boolean matrix example
        • Matrix exercises
        • Exercise - line
        • Exercise - cross
        • union
        • Exercise - union
        • Subgraphs
        • Exercise - is_subgraph
        • Exercise - remove_node
        • Exercise - utriang
        • Edge difference
        • Exercise - ediff
        • Exercise - pyramid
      • Adjacency lists
        • Exercise - mat_to_adj
        • Exercise - mat_ids_to_adj
        • Exercise - adj_to_mat
        • Exercise - table_to_adj
      • Networkx
        • Fancy networkx graphs
        • Converting networkx graphs
        • Exercise - mat_to_nx
      • Continue
    • Binary relations
      • Download exercises zip
      • What to do
      • Reflexive relations
        • Exercise - is_reflexive_mat
        • Exercise - is_reflexive_adj
      • Symmetric relations
        • Exercise - is_symmetric_mat
        • Exercise - is_symmetric_adj
      • Surjective relations
        • Exercise - surjective
      • Further resources
      • Continue
    • Simple statistics
      • Download exercises zip
      • What to do
      • Outdegrees and indegrees
        • Exercise - outdegree_adj
        • Exercise - outdegree_mat
        • Exercise - outdegree_avg
        • Exercise - indegree_adj
        • Exercise - indegree_mat
        • Exercise - indegree_avg
        • Was it worth it?
        • networkx Indegrees and outdegrees
      • Visualizing distributions
      • indegree per node
        • indegree per node bar plot
        • indegree per node sorted alphabetically
        • indegree per node sorted
        • out degrees per node sorted
        • degrees per node
        • In out degrees per node
      • Frequency histogram
        • Exercise - better histogram display
      • Graph models
        • Exercise - Erdős–Rényi model
      • Continue
    • Challenges
      • Download exercises zip
      • Matrices
        • Challenge - trichain
        • Challenge - Bipartite
        • Challenge - Luna park
        • Challenge - Factory
          • Factory process
          • Factory assemble
        • Challenge - Sharing is caring
        • Challenge - Hexagons
        • Challenge - Trust your tribe
      • Adjacency lists
        • Challenge - From matrices to adjacency lists
        • Challenge - Friends
        • Challenge - Counter Intelligence
      • Networkx
        • Challenge - Offshore
        • Challenge - Cashflow
• C - Applications
  • Database
    • Downlod exercises zip
    • What to do
    • A first look to the database
    • SQLStudio connection
    • Python connection
    • Performance
    • Passing parameters to the query
    • Execute query function
      • Table structure
      • DDL
      • Query to metadata
    • ORDER BY
    • JOIN
    • Track Table
    • Aggregating data
      • COUNT
      • GROUP BY and COUNT
    • Pandas
• D - Projects
  • Text data
    • Phone calls
      • Download worked project
      • What to do
      • 1. canonical
      • 2. prefix
      • 3. hist
      • 4. display calls
    • Music sequencer
      • Download worked project
      • What to do
      • 1. parse_melody
      • 2. parse_tunes
      • 3. sequencer
      • 4. plot_tune
  • Tabular data
    • Bus speed
      • Download worked project
      • What to do
      • The dataset
      • to_float_hour
      • plot
    • Town events
      • Download worked project
      • What to do
      • The dataset
      • 1. leap_year
      • 2. full_date
      • 3. partial_date
      • 4. parse_dates_and
    • What’s your business?
      • Download worked project
      • What to do
      • NACE Sections
        • Section detail
        • Specifications
        • NACE CSV
      • 1. Extracting codes
      • 1.1 is_nace
      • 1.2 extract_codes
      • 2. build_db
      • 3. plot
    • Zoom surveillance
      • Download worked project
      • What to do
      • CSV format
      • 1. time24
      • 2. load
      • 3.1 duration
      • 3.2 calc_stats
      • 4. viz
    • I CHING Divination
      • Download worked project
      • What to do
      • The dataset
      • 1. load_db
      • 2. divine
      • 3. plot_divination
    • Witchcraft
      • Download worked project
      • What to do
      • The dataset
      • 1. parse_bool_cols
      • 2. fix_date
      • 3. parse_db
      • 4. plot_cases
    • Galactic love
      • Download worked project
      • What to do
      • parse_stars
      • plot_stars 1
      • plot_stars 2 - new_center
      • parse_zodiac
      • plot_love
    • University staff
      • Download worked project
      • What to do
      • load_data
      • 1. calc_uid_to_abbr
      • 2.1 calc_prof_roles
      • 2.2 plot_profs
      • 3.1 calc_roles
      • 3.2 plot_roles
      • 4.1 calc_shared
      • 4.2 plot_shared
    • ITEA Real Estate
      • Download worked project
      • What to do
      • load_itea
      • calc_types_hist
      • calc_types_series
      • Real estates plot
    • Price catalog
      • Download worked project
      • What to do
      • The dataset
      • A1 extract_bounds
      • A2 extract_product
      • A3 plot_product
  • Relational data
    • Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
      • Download worked project
      • What to do
      • 1. read_trade
      • 2. Deportation
      • 3. The time to stop
    • Bud Spencer and Terence Hill movies
      • Download worked project
      • What to do
      • The datasets
      • 1. load
      • 2. save_table
      • 3. show_graph
    • Bus network
      • Download worked project
      • What to do
      • Introduction
        • Colors and additional attributes
        • load_stops
      • 1. extract_routes
      • 2. to_int_min
      • 3. get_legend_edges
      • 4. calc_nx
      • 5. Hubs
        • Implement color_hubs
      • 6. plot_timings
    • Wikispeedia
      • Download worked project
      • What to do
      • The dataset
      • 1. filter_back
      • 2. load_db
      • 3. calc_stats
      • 4. plot_network
    • Mexican Drug Wars
      • Download worked project
      • What to do
      • Election attacks dataset
      • 1. load_mexico
      • 2. show_attacks
      • 3. Cartels
    • Wordnet
      • Download worked project
      • What to do
      • 1. parse_db
        • Field description
        • Parsing the db
      • 2. to_adj
        • Check results
      • 3. hist
    • Metamath
      • Download worked project
      • What to do
      • Metamath db
      • 1. Metamath db
      • 2.1 Metamath proof
      • 2. Checking proof
        • Overview plot
        • Detail plot
      • 3. Top statements
• E - Appendix
  • Commandments
    • I COMMANDMENT
    • II COMMANDMENT
    • III COMMANDMENT
    • IV COMMANDMENT
    • V COMMANDMENT
    • VI COMMANDMENT
    • VII COMMANDMENT
    • VIII COMMANDMENT
    • IX COMMANDMENT
    • X COMMANDMENT
  • Revisions
    • July 2020
  • References
    • Foundations of Python Programming
    • W3Resources website
    • Software Carpentry
    • Edabit
      • Edabit - Basics
      • Edabit - Strings
      • Edabit - Lists
      • Edabit - Dictionaries
      • Edabit - Matrices
    • LeetCode
      • LeetCode - Strings
      • LeetCode - Lists
      • LeetCode - Sets and Dictionaries
    • LeetCode - Matrices
      • Leet code - Graphs
    • HackerRank
    • Geeks for Geeks
    • Dive into Python 3
    • Introduction to Scientific Programming with Python
• Index